2012年7月20日星期五

Persuasive writing (They say I say)

What I view this book is about the art of quoting. May need to refer it later for any templates needed in writing.

Background. To keep an audience engaged, a writer needs to explain what he is responding to either before offering that response or very early in the discussion. even when presenting your own claims, you should keep returning to the motivating "they say".

Quotation often needs summarization in stead of direct quoting or paraphrasing of short texts. A good summary requires balancing what the original author is saying with the writer's own focus. Use more precise verbs to summarize the views of author:
Making a claim: argue, insist, assert, observe, believe, remind us, claim, report, emphasize, suggest
Agreement: acknowledge, endorse, admire, praise, agree, extol, concur, reaffirm, corroborate, support, do not deny, verify
Disagreement: complain, disavow, complicate, question, contend, refute, contradict, reject, deny, renounce, deplore, repudiate
Recommendation: advocate, implore, call for, plead, demand, recommend, encourage, urge, exhort, warn

A wise quotation integrated into your own text should be done: 1) by choosing quotations wisely, with an eye on how well they support a particular part of your text; 2) by surrounding every major quotation with a frame explaining whose words they are, what the quotation means, and how the quotation relates to your text. To adequately frame a quotation, you need to insert it into what called "quotation sandwich", with the statement introducing it and the explanation following it.

Give your opinion early in the text. Three main forms of your opinion relative to others
Disagreement often follows the critical reviewing of other arguments, by pointing out the argument fails to take relevant factors into account, based on incomplete evidence, on questionable assumptions, uses flawed logic (Check Critical Thinking for more info.). You can also agree on the evidence that someone has presented, but through a twist of logic, use it to support you position.
Agreement but contributing to the argument by pointing out unnoticed implications or explaining something that needs to be better understood. you agree while always disagreeing something else.
Yes...but. No...but

Respond to imaginary objections. to be sure that any counter argument you address is not more convincing than your own claims. the best way to overcome an objection is not to try to refute it completely, but to agree with certain parts while challenging only those you dispute.

If you take it for granted that readers will somehow intuit the answer to "so what?" and "who cares?" on their own, you may make your work seem less interesting and exciting than it actually is.

Four ways to connect sentences:
1) Transition terms: also, and, besides, furthermore, in addition, indeed, in fact, moreover, so too; after all, as an illustration, for example, for instance, specifically, to take a case in point; actually, by extension, that is, in other words, to put it another way; along the same lines, in the same way, likewise, similarly; although, but, by contrast, conversely, despite, even though, however, in contrast, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, whereas, while, yet; consequently, as a result, because, accordingly, hence, in effect, since, so ,then, therefore, thus; admittedly, although, granted, naturally, of course, to be sure.
2) Pointing words: THIS/THAT (account, advice, answer, argument, area, assertion, assumption, claim, comment, conclusion, criticism, description, difficulty, discussion, distinction, emphasis, estimate, example, explanation, finding, idea, improvement, increase, observation, proof, proposal, reference, rejection, report, rise, situation, suggestion, view, warning)
3) Key terms
4) Repeating with difference
Paraphrase with difference with aim to clarify possible confusion and misunderstanding.

没有评论:

发表评论